NOTE: When Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva was practicing the profound wisdom of perfection, the attainment enabled him to realize that the Five Skandhas─form, sensation, perception, volition, and consciousness compose a false notion of the “self.” By gaining insight to the fact that all phenomena in the world are empty in nature─that nothing in this world is unchanging, independent, or substantial, he was able to transcend all suffering and adversity.